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What is Cupping, Hijama, Wet Cupping?

Cupping, mentioned in documents dating back to 2000 BC, is a unique practice that has probably been practiced throughout human history and has no alternative.

Home It is a very comprehensive ancient method that can be applied in both health and illness, with its therapeutic and preventive aspects.

Cupping therapy is also known by different names. Some of these include hijama, cupping therapy, cupping therapy, cupping, cupping therapy, dry cupping, dry cupping therapy, wet cupping, wet cupping therapy, cupping application, subcutaneous bloodletting, heavy metal detox, subcutaneous toxin cleansing, etc.

The word "cupping", which is of Arabic origin, comes from the word "attack" and is used to mean the rush of blood to a place, that is, its collection.

Today, western medicine / pharmaceutical medicine / modern medicine / chemical medicine defines almost every application other than drugs and surgeries as alternative and supportive, and throughout history cupping has been used as one of the main treatment methods with serious benefits.

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What is the logic behind cupping?

In our daily lives, we take in many substances that are harmful to us and need to be eliminated from our bodies through what we eat, drink and the air we breathe.

At the same time, the foods we take into our bodies in a healthy way react with each other during the digestive process to form different chemical compounds.

While some of these compounds and heavy metals are excreted through our excretory system, some of them remain in the areas where they reach the cells through the capillaries.

In this way, harmful heavy metals are now out of our body's circulatory system and under our skin and in our flesh. and toxins accumulate.

With the application of cupping;

-These heavy metals and toxins, which cannot be eliminated from the body because they are not in active blood circulation, accumulate under the skin and at the ends of the capillaries, harm the functioning of the body, weaken the energy body/aura with the magnetic field they create, and open the door to many physical and psychological diseases, are removed and cleansed from the body by cupping.

-Active blood circulation in areas where activation is reduced due to blockages with cupping therapy again It is activated, oxygen and energy are brought to the cells, ensuring the healthy functioning of that area and the organs around that area.

Ideal Days for Cupping – 2025 Cupping Days Calendar

According to the lunar calendar (Hijri calendar), the 17th, 19th and 21st of the month are the ideal days for cupping.
23-25-27-29 of the second degree Hijri month are suitable days for cupping,
In the third row, the 16th, 18th, 20th, 22nd, 24th, 26th, 28th and 30th of the Hijri month are the days when cupping can be performed.
Cupping is not recommended during the first 15 days of the Hijri month due to the position of the moon and the withdrawal of fluids from the body!

The best day is Thursday
then on Monday
If it falls on the 17th, 19th and 21st of the month, it can also be done on Tuesday.
According to some reports, cupping can be done on Sundays, but according to many sources, it is not considered appropriate.
According to most sources, having cupping therapy on Saturdays, Wednesdays and Fridays can have adverse effects and it is not recommended to have cupping therapy on these days.

When is cupping performed? When is it not performed?

The hours from sunrise until the sun reaches its zenith in the morning are the most ideal hours.
It can be done until 40 minutes before the sun begins to set (afternoon prayer).
It is not recommended after the afternoon prayer time has started.
If it has to be done, it is best to wait for the night time to come.
It is not recommended to perform it between the afternoon prayer and the evening prayer.

The damage caused by heavy metals accumulated under the skin and stagnant blood;

– There is no health where there is no flow (just like a stagnant lake that collects dirt and smells while the flowing seas and rivers are clean)

These heavy metals and unflowing blood accumulate in the subcutaneous tissues and capillary ends, causing physical and psychological diseases and rapid aging.

These accumulated heavy metals can weaken the energy of our energy body / aura by creating a magnetic field and become entrance gates for negative energies coming from outside.

– Due to the accumulated passive blood mass, there will be low energy and inefficiency as there will not be enough blood flow and oxygen to the area where there is no movement.

Things to Do Before Cupping to Increase Its Efficiency

-When you decide to receive cupping, the intention is made verbally and the subconscious is informed, and the subconscious body begins to prepare for cupping.

I intend to seek healing by cupping here today or a similar intention can be made.

-Nothing of animal origin should be eaten for 3 days before the cupping treatment. A vegan diet is followed (meat, milk, eggs, honey, cheese, yoghurt, fish, etc.)

Those who cannot comply with this for the last 3 days should at least follow a vegetarian diet (not eat meat).

But especially before cupping, a vegan diet is required for the last 24 hours.

-You should fast for at least 8 hours before cupping.

(At worst, you should not eat anything for the last 4 hours. You can drink water.)

-Do not drink water in the last 2 hours.

To increase blood flow

-If possible, before cupping

*The body should be kept warm

*You should be relaxed (breathing exercises can be done beforehand)

* A hot shower should be taken

-Must be clean

- Loose clothes should be worn

-You shouldn't be tired

- Alcohol should not be consumed for the last 3 days before cupping, or at worst, for the last 24 hours.

-You should not smoke for the last 24 hours before cupping, or at worst, for the last 4 hours.

-Nothing chemical should be applied to the body.

- Must be in a state of ablution

-No blood thinners should be used for the last 3 days before cupping, or at worst, for the last 24 hours.

Aspirin, blood thinners (if you have a serious health problem and need to use blood thinners, consult your doctor),

Foods that thin the blood include foods rich in vitamin C, lemon, garlic, ginger, turmeric, cloves, chamomile tea, hot peppers, cranberries, grapes, cherries, and cherries.

-Do not engage in sexual intercourse or masturbate in the last 24 hours before cupping.

-Before cupping, go to bed early and wake up early.

-It is recommended that the person take a warm shower in the morning before cupping therapy, warm up his body by dressing warmly, and relax and loosen his muscles.

-Sugary foods should be avoided for the last 24 hours

Vegetables should be preferred

What to Do After Cupping to Increase Its Efficiency

-20-30 minutes of low-medium paced walking will have a positive effect on the body to recover.

-You should not sleep for 4 hours after cupping.

-After at least 2 hours, you can drink 1 glass of honey sherbet or carob extract sherbet or compote that is not bought from the market or packaged but prepared at home.

-Do not engage in sexual intercourse or masturbate in the last 24 hours after cupping.

-It is best to follow a vegan diet for 3 days after cupping, if this is not possible, at least 1 day of vegan diet is necessary.

Those who cannot be vegan should at least follow a vegetarian diet.

-After cupping, the area treated should not be touched with water for 12 hours. If there is blood, it can be cleaned with a lint-free, slightly damp cloth.

-After 12 hours, it is better to take a shower with warm water.

-No heavy work is done, the body is not physically strained.

-After showering, you can continue applying St. John's wort oil to help the scratches heal faster. Chemical creams, etc., should not be applied.

How to Perform Professional Cupping Therapy

-When it comes to cupping, firstly the areas where cupping will be applied are determined according to the person's needs.

-Depending on the person's preference: relaxing music, something funny, or something else that gives peace is played.

-Breathing exercises are started by showing relaxing breathing that relaxes the muscles.

-Bay leaves or similar incense are burned to cleanse the environment of negative ions and energies.

-The areas where cupping will be applied and its surroundings are cleaned with "non-alcoholic" disinfectants.

Alcohol applied to the skin will irritate the skin and the capillaries underneath and is harmful before cupping.

Skin is a good alcohol absorber. As alcohol is absorbed through the skin, some alcohol will also pass into the bloodstream, diluting the blood with alcohol and causing unnecessary blood flow after cupping.

-After the cleansing process, in order to obtain higher efficiency from Hacamat, warming essential oils are applied to the skin and massaged.

-After the oiling process, the muscles are further relaxed by massaging them with cups and the fluids and gases that will be released from the body are made more ready for flow.

Cups are placed on the areas to be cupped and vacuumed. The vacuum duration, which is approximately 3 minutes, may vary depending on the individual's skin condition.

-A disinfected razor is prepared to remove scratches.

Since the scalpels used as surgical blades are 3 times thicker than razors;

It hurts more in scratches,
Since its main purpose is to open the skin, it cuts deeper and wider.
The cuts close later,
It is more likely to leave a mark.

-After vacuuming, light scratches are made, approximately 1cm in length, at 1cm intervals, not deep, like the scratches caused by the edge of the paper rubbing against the skin.

-After the scratching process, a cup is placed on the area and vacuumed, and blood, gas and white liquid are expected to come out of that area.

-After waiting for approximately 5 minutes, the cups are removed with the liquids filled in them.

-Fluids coming out of the body are placed in a personal garbage bag without being mixed with other waste.

The blood and fluid that comes out is a part of the person and it is recommended to bury it in the soil in the garden or burn it, as it can attract negative energies.

-After the cups are removed, the cut areas are cleaned with woolen and non-furry cloths.

Woolen and feathered items can get into micro-sized scratches and leave marks.

-After the released liquids are cleaned, cold-pressed St. John's wort oil mixed with natural olive oil is applied on the scratches to close them quickly and healthily.

-Then wait 5 minutes without taping or covering the area and then wear loose clothing to allow air to breathe and heal quickly.

Who Can't Have Hacamat?

People with severe anemia cannot receive cupping therapy.

People whose blood clots very difficult (hemophilia patients) cannot receive cupping therapy.

Women during their menstrual period cannot receive cupping therapy.

Pregnant women cannot have cupping therapy during the first 3 months of pregnancy.

Cupping is not performed on people who are over 65 years of age, are not fit, and have never had cupping before.

Which Areas Cannot Be Treated with Cupping?

Cupping is not performed on the hole on the top of the head.

Cupping is not performed on the nape of the neck.

Cupping should not be performed on eczema, burns, wounds, vitiligo and moles.

Which Areas Can Have Cupping Treatment?

Cupping can be performed on any fleshy skin that is not mentioned above and on which there is blood.

Celebrities Who Had Cupping Treatment

Conor Anthony McGregor, Habib Abdulmanapovic Nurmagomedov, Justin Drew Bieber, Benzema, David Robert Joseph Beckham, Victoria Beckham, Gwyneth Paltrow, Neymar da Silva Santos Junior, Dwayne Douglas Johnson, Michael Fred Phelps II, RT Erdoğan, Jennifer Aniston, Madonna, Prince William- Kate Middleton, Jessica Simpson, Britney Spears, Lindsay Lohan, Deniz Akkaya, Orkun Işıtman, Yeliz Yeşilmen, Tuba Büyüküstün, Ziynet Sali, Abdurrahman Dilipak, Alex Naddour, Lea Michele, Sofia Hayat

Cupping from the Perspective of Islam

3983 – Abu Kasbah al-Anmari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would receive cupping on his head and between his shoulders and he would say: ‘Whoever lets this blood flow will not be harmed by any disease, even if he is not treated with any other medicine.’” Abu Dawud, Tibb 4, (3859); Ibn Majah, Tibb 21, (3484).

3984 – Hazrat Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to receive cupping from the veins on both sides of his neck and the vein between his shoulders.” Abu Dawud, Tibb 4, (3860); Tirmidhi, Tibb 12, (2052); Ibn Majah, Tibb 21, (3483).

3985 – Tirmidhi adds: “(The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to have cupping on the seventeenth, nineteenth and twenty-first of the month.” Tirmidhi, Tibb 12, (2052).

3986 – In a narration in Sahih, it is said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would receive cupping and would not wrong anyone in his wages.” Bukhari, Ijarah 18; Muslim, Salam 77, (1577).

3987 – Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “What a good act Hajj is; it removes (excessive) blood, lightens the back, and brightens the eyes.”
Ibn Abbas said: “On the Night of Ascension, whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed by a group of angels, they would say: ‘Continue receiving cupping! Order your ummah to receive cupping too!’” Tirmidhi, Tibb 12, (2054).

Historical information and claims about cupping

Belgium Cupping, Brussels cupping, Zaventem hicamat, schaerbeek hicamat, Sainte-Marie hijama, Saint Joost Hacamat, Saint-Josse Hacamat, Kortenberg Hacamat, Evere Hacamat, Diegem Hacamat, Laeken Hacamat, Machelen Hacamat, Vilvorde Hacamat, Steenokkerzeel Hacamat, Kraainem Hacamat, Helmet Hacamat, Sterrebeek Hacamat, Nossegem Hacamat, Leuven Hacamat, Kampenhout Hacamat, Bertem Hacamat, Tervuren Hacamat, Everberg Hacamat, Herent Hacamat, Melsbroek Hacamat, Grimbergen Hacamat, Anderlecht Hacamat, Ixelles Hacamat, Saint-Gilles Hacamat, Uccle Hacamat, Etterbeek Hacamat, Molenbeek Hacamat, Haren cupping, Bruxelles, Brussels

For Cupping and Leech Applications

Detailed Information on Suitable Times:

The Place of Cupping in the Quran and Sunnah

In the Holy Quran cupping (bloodletting) or Leech therapy There is no specific verse specifying the day or time of the day. However, there are expressions that generally encourage the search for healing. For example, Allah says, "We have sent down in the Quran verses that are healing and mercy for the believers" (Isra 17:82), and the Prophet Muhammad also said, “For every disease that Allah has sent down, He has also sent down a cure.” He emphasized the importance of seeking treatment by saying (Musnad, IV, 278). Therefore, although the Quran does not directly specify the time, it encourages Muslims to seek medical treatment to maintain their health.

In the Sunnah of the Prophet Cupping is considered an important treatment method. It is established in authentic hadiths that the Prophet himself had cupping and recommended it to his ummah.

For example, in a narration transmitted through Ibn Abbas (ra), the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Cupping strengthens the mind and memory.” He commanded

Many companions also found relief from ailments such as headaches by having cupping done on the veins of the head or neck.

Although leeching was a known method of bloodletting at the time, it is not directly mentioned in the hadiths; however, since it falls into the same category, recommendations regarding cupping are considered to be guiding for leech application as well.

Days Recommended and Avoided in Hadiths

Although the benefits of cupping were experienced during the time of the Prophet, Rumors about which days it will be held generally weak hadith It is in the category of

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In some of these narrations, certain days are specified for cupping. recommended, in some days to avoid It is stated that:

Recommended Days: According to widespread narrations, even if weak in terms of chain of narration Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays during the week, the 17th, 19th and 21st days of the Hijri month suitable for cupping

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. In fact, in a hadith: “The best days to receive cupping are the seventeenth, nineteenth and twenty-first of the month.” It has been ordered

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. In another narration, “Whoever receives cupping on the 17th, 19th or 21st day will be cured of every disease.” It has been said

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. One of the companions, Enes b. Malik, The Companions generally prayed on these odd days of the Hijri month (17, 19, 21) reported that they had cupping therapy

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Among the days of the week, Monday, Tuesday and (in some narrations) Thursday are especially recommended.

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According to these narrations, since the day Prophet Job (pbuh) was saved from the calamity was Monday, it is stated that both that day and Tuesday are suitable for cupping.

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Days to Avoid: In weak narrations Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday It is said that cupping is not tolerated on the days of Ramadan.

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. Especially about Wednesday, it is said that the calamity (disease) came to Prophet Job on Wednesday, therefore Wednesday or Wednesday night a person who has cupping therapy "vitiligo or leprosy may occur" Warnings were sent as follows:

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In the same narrations "With the blessing of Allah, get cupping on Thursday, and avoid cupping on Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday." There are expressions such as

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As can be seen, four days of the week are mentioned as negative (Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday), while the remaining three days are mentioned as positive (Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday). These recommendations are based on the belief that it is better to avoid having blood drawn on those days unless there is a medical necessity.

Recommendations Regarding the Hours of the Day in Hadiths: In most of the narrations, it is not stated directly what time of day cupping will be performed. However, “It is more beneficial to perform cupping therapy on an empty stomach.” it has been said

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It encourages the practice to be done early in the morning without a full stomach. Indeed, "Have cupping while you are hungry; it is fruitful, healing, and increases memory and intelligence." It is stated in the hadith that having blood taken in the morning before eating gives the best results.

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Some sources, near midday (2-3 hours before noon) It is not appropriate to perform cupping therapy and states that the hours just before the sun reaches its zenith should not be preferred unless necessary.

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This is based on the idea of avoiding the negative effects of heat and increased circulation in the body around midday. In summary, the practice examples narrated by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) indicate that morning hours (the first hours after sunrise) are more suitable for cupping.

Evaluation of the Hadiths: Although the above narrations have been reported in Islamic medical literature for centuries, Hadith scholars say that none of these narrations are completely authentic in terms of chain of narration. They stated

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Although Imam Tirmidhi and some scholars accept some of the hadiths related to the time of cupping as “hasan” (for example, for the hadith related to the 17th, 19th and 21st days of the month)

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), Authorities such as Bukhari and Muslim did not include hadiths with this content in their works. and many of them weak or fabricated accepted

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. Indeed, Imam Bukhari did not find the narrations about cupping to be done on certain days to be authentic. al-Jami' al-SahihHe didn't put it in

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. Hadith memorizers Ibn Hacer al-Askalânî and Badrüddin el-Aynî also “There is no authentic evidence that a specific time has been determined for cupping.” They stated that there is no binding sunnah on this issue.

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. In conclusion The Prophet's practice is that cupping can be done without any time limitation when needed.Recommendations for special days emerged as a precaution or based on medical benefits, but these narrations did not constitute a strong religious ruling.

The Four Sects and the Scholars' Opinions

Ahl al-Sunnah scholarsBased on hadith criticism, they did not impose specific day restrictions for cupping and leeching, but they did not completely ignore recommendations based on certain narrations. The approach of the four Sunni schools of thought is as follows:

Hanafi School: Regarding cupping, Hanafi scholars did not attribute binding importance to certain days because there was no authentic prohibitive text. The great Hanafi scholar Bedruddin al-Ayni, states that the advice given in the hadiths is not reliable and “There is no specific time limit for cupping.” He emphasizes that there is freedom in this regard.

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Therefore, Hanafis accept that cupping can be performed on any day of the week when medically necessary. Although some Hanafi circles may tend to avoid cupping on days like Wednesdays based on weak narrations, this is a precautionary stance, not a religious ruling.
Maliki School: Imam Malik b. AnasHe is one of the imams with the most flexible views on the timing of cupping. “Is it makruh to have cupping done on Saturday or Wednesday?” When asked, "There is no harm in this; I have had cupping done every day of the week, and I do not dislike any day in this regard." He replied:

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Malik did not take into account the hadiths he considered fabricated on this subject; on the contrary, it was narrated that he had cupping done specifically on Saturdays and Wednesdays, which are days that are avoided in the narrations.

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. Indeed, Maliki scholars, "Cupping is permissible on every day of the year, but the hadiths that contain warnings about Saturdays and Wednesdays are not authentic according to Malik." They stated that there is no day restriction.

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. As a result, in the Maliki school of thought Cupping and leech application can be done any day of the week., no time determination is required.
Shafi'i School: Shafi'i scholars also hold the view that the hadiths regarding cupping days are not binding. The great Shafi'i scholar Imam Nawawi, “In summary, there is nothing authentic that prohibits cupping on a specific day.” He states that the hadiths on this subject are not reliable.

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Therefore, in the Shafi'i school of thought, cupping does not need to be limited to specific days of the week; it can be performed whenever needed. However, some Shafi'is, such as Nawawi, have weaknesses in their chain of narration. Accepting the 17th, 19th and 21st day hadiths as "hasan" They stated that cupping may be recommended these days.

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. That is, according to the Shafiis The best time for cupping There is no clear religious obligation regarding this matter, but it is considered virtuous to have it done on certain days of the month that are praised in the narrations.
Hanbali School: Imam Ahmed bin HanbalHe was cautious in finding most of the narrations regarding the timing of cupping weak. Ahmed ibn Hanbal's students He avoided cupping on Wednesdays and Saturdays., if possible He prefers Sunday and Tuesday They convey

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It is even stated that Ahmed heeded warnings not to "take the hadith lightly" even if the narration was weak, and that he narrated the anecdote about a person who had cupping therapy on Wednesday and then contracted baras (ala) disease because he ignored the warning.

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. In Hanbali fiqh books For this reason, cupping is done on Saturdays and Wednesdays. makruh There was an opinion that it could be

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However, Ahmed b. Hanbal, Having blood taken depends mainly on the moment of need. emphasizing, "When the blood is flowing, I get cupping done no matter what the time or day is." He said

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According to the report of his student Hanbel, Imam Ahmed said that when the blood was collected, “no matter what time” He did not hesitate to have cupping therapy

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. So In the Hanbali school of thought Even if certain days are preferred for cupping, If there is a medical necessity, it is better to do it without wasting time.

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Ibn Qayyim, one of the Hanbali scholars, also stated that the time recommendations conveyed from the Prophet were based on medical reasons, “cupping can be done at any time when needed” He stated that

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In summary, all sects, When it is not religiously obligatory to limit cupping and leeching practices to certain days They come together. Although there are some recommended times (like the middle of the Hijri month), It is permissible and appropriate to perform cupping therapy without waiting for a day or hour in cases where it is necessary for health reasons.

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The recommendations for the specified day are not a binding provision, based on possible medical benefits and some, albeit weak, narrations are the precautions that have been laid down.

Approaches of Classical Medicine and Scientific Literature

Islamic medical literature ve traditional medicine resources contain detailed recommendations regarding the timing of cupping and bloodletting. These recommendations are largely Hippocrates–Galen's theory of humoral medicine and is based on astrological observations

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The approaches of important medical scholars to the subject are as follows:

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) al-Qanun fi't-Tıb In his work, he wrote about bloodletting (fasd and cupping) the most suitable time is the middle of the Hijri month Indicates that it is. Especially in the days following the full moon period of the moon (After the 14th-15th day) the amount of blood in the body increases, so the period from the 16th to the 21st day of the Hijri calendar It is emphasized that this is the most beneficial period for blood collection.

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According to Ibn Sina, cupping is more effective during this period because blood pressure rises; the middle period should be preferred over the beginning or end of the month. early morning as the time of day recommends: “The best time to take blood is in the middle of the month, in the second and third hours of the day.” He said

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With this statement, he stated that 2-3 hours after sunrise (approximately mid-morning) gave the best results. Ibn Sina said that the body is not too cold or too hot. in moderate weather conditions He also explains the appropriateness of having blood drawn and the benefits of warming the body in a Turkish bath before the procedure. As part of traditional astrological medicine, When the Moon is in certain signs (air signs such as Gemini, Libra, Aquarius) and in aspect with "favorable" planets such as Venus/Jupiter He points out that having blood drawn may be more beneficial.

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In summary, Avicenna, in the spring season, on a mild day in the middle of the Hijri month and early in the morning He argued that the bloodletting procedure would yield the healthiest results.

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Other Islamic Physicians and Tradition: Other physicians in the Middle Ages developed similar recommendations. For example, many in the classical medical book for cupping **if not urgent spring or autumn seasons It is recommended that blood should be taken in the sweltering heat of summer or the severe cold of winter.

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. Depending on the area of the body where blood will be taken and the type of disease Even the hours of the day are detailedFor example, schemes have been created that recommend certain times of day for heart disease and different times for liver disease. Abu Bakr al-Razi, Ali b. Abbas al-Majusi, Ibn Masawayh physicians such as “fasd (bloodletting) treatises” They wrote down the blood samples and described which vein to take blood from and when.

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. This literature generally “favourable season: spring, favourable lunar period: mid-month, favourable time of day: morning, favourable astrological conditions: when the Moon's position is favourable” A framework like this emerges. For example, classical sources "A morning in the spring when the Moon is not in Leo and the body is not too full or tired" They say that the benefits of bloodletting will be maximized. The basis for this is the belief that bodily fluids increase during full moons and that the Moon's gravitational pull is felt not only in the seas but also in the human body. Indeed, some modern research has also shown that There are changes in the hormone and fluid balance in the human body during full moon days, and birth and menstrual bleeding increase during this period. has shown

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These findings suggest that traditional medicine's observations of lunar phases are not entirely unfounded.
Alternative Views: On the other hand, some doctors have stated that there is no specific time rule for cupping. Famous Andalusian surgeon Abu'l-Qasim al-Zahrawi, "There is no need to set a time for blood collection; it can be done at any time required by the disease." He stated that one should not wait for a season or day when needed.

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. Similarly, as experience increases, physicians "The cure for every disease is not to take blood." concluded, but it can be applied without considering the time when necessary. They expressed

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This perspective puts medical necessity before the rule of time. In fact, Ibn Sina also "If it is necessary to strengthen the body, delaying bloodletting even for an hour is a great risk." He advises to take blood without delay if necessary.

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Medical Approaches of Sectarian Scholars: Islamic scholars of jurisprudence were also no strangers to medical advice. For example, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, The recommendations regarding cupping times (though weak) from our Prophet are consistent with the findings of the medical authorities of the time. indicates

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Ibn Qayyim, Doctors unanimously say that cupping is most beneficial in the second half of the month, especially in the third quarter (the week after mid-month). It is more effective to do it during this period than at the beginning or end of the month. He tries to reconcile the humoral theory with the hadith narrations.

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Even the doctors of his time, "A person's blood pressure increases in the middle of the month due to the movement of the moon, therefore the middle of the month and the week following it are the most suitable times for cupping, and it is more beneficial to perform it during this time period except in emergencies." He says he is of the opinion

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As can be seen, scholars like Ibn Qayyim combined medical data and narrations. "Cupping is sunnah when it is appropriate" has concluded.
Leech (Hirudo Therapy) Timing: Leech application has been used for centuries as an alternative to cupping. minor cupping (capillary blood removal) Over time, the method was replaced by leeching.

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

There is no specific day or hour restriction for leech application in traditional medicine, with cupping therapy. same principles It is considered valid. That is, if bloodletting with leeches is also possible, in the spring season, in the appropriate phase of the moon and in the morning hours It has been attempted, but in emergencies it has been applied without regard to time. Because leeching generally draws blood more slowly and in a more controlled manner than cupping, in people with weak constitutions such as the elderly or children In such cases, the physician would determine the area and duration of leech application and take similar time recommendations into account. Therefore, There is no specific day ban or recommendation for leech therapy in the literature.The timing recommendations mentioned for cupping therapy can be considered equally valid for leech application.

Conclusion and Evaluation

Timing in cupping and leech applications, both religious-literary as well as medical-scientific has been debated for centuries. From a religious perspectiveAlthough there are narrations from the time of the Prophet Muhammad that indicate certain days, these are not definitive and binding. The general view of the four schools of thought is, Cupping can be done whenever needed, without being restricted to certain days. is in the direction of

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islamqa.info

. Having cupping treatment on days such as Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and on the 17th, 19th and 21st days of the month is a circumcision or recommended practice It was seen as; however, it is better to have it done on days like Wednesday avoid but only a precautionary measure based on weak narrations Great scholars of hadith and fiqh, “There is no specific time period for cupping” They emphasized that the main thing is the need for treatment.

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Medical and traditional care taking into account the rhythms of the human body The best time is mid-month and in the morning The thesis that it is has been adopted

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In this context, spring and autumn seasons preferred, in the midday heat of summer and the freezing cold of winter It is recommended to avoid having blood taken

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Although modern science has produced findings that partially confirm the effects of the Moon's gravitational force and biological rhythms on humans,

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, is universally accepted for cupping/leech therapy today “best time calendar” They do not. Medical authoritiesThey state that blood can be taken at any time when necessary (for example, in a high blood pressure crisis or as an intervention for a hematoma), but in traditional preventive practices, the general condition of the patient and preferably the morning hours can be chosen.

In conclusion, to receive cupping and leeching:

Medically recommended ideal time – If there is no emergency days falling in the middle of the Hijri month (approximately days 15–21) and early morning It is deemed appropriate

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

Spring may be preferred depending on the patient's condition. Procedure on an empty stomach should be done, and times when you are very full or very tired should be avoided.

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Religiously recommended time – It is encouraged to have cupping therapy on Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays, especially 17, 19, 21 of the monthMondays/Tuesdays falling on the 'th days are considered virtuous.

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These days "With God's permission, there is a cure for every disease" It has been reported that

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Recommended times to avoid – Although there is no absolute ban, Wednesday It has been pointed out that cupping therapy on this day may be risky.

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. It is also advised in some narrations not to receive cupping on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays.

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Care should be taken not to perform cupping therapy at noon when the sun is directly overhead and on a very full stomach.

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In any case, patient's needs and doctor's advice should be taken as a basis. Although there are some time recommendations fixed by the experience of our ancestors, The priority is to protect health and not delay treatment.

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Cupping and leeching are methods that can be beneficial when applied by qualified hands and under appropriate conditions. Ancient recommendations regarding the timing of these practices are both the spirit of circumcision (its purpose of convenience and healing) as well as medical observations filtered through history It is based on this information. Today, in light of this information, the most appropriate time should be chosen, taking into account the person's condition, and the procedure should be carried out under sterile conditions.

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. Thus, both the recommendations of the Sunnah complied with, and also principles of medical wisdom will be implemented.

Kaynaklar:

Bukhari, al-Jami' al-Sahih, “Medicine”, 13-15.
Muslim, al-Sahih, “Musakat”, 62-63.
Abu Dawud, Sunan, “Medicine”, 3-5.
Tirmidhi, Sunan, “Medicine”, 12.
Ibn Majah, Sunan, “Medicine”, 21-22.
Imam Malik, narrated by al-Utbiyya (see al-Muntaqa Sharhul-Muwatta, v.7, p.225)

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Nevevi, al-Majmu', v.9, p.69

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Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Fethü'l-Bârî, vol.10, p.149; v.21, p.266-267

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Bedruddin al-Ayni, Umdetu'l-qari, v.17, pp.374-375

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Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Zadul-ma'ad, v.4, p.54; at-Tıbbü'n-Nabawi, p.42, 45

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Ibn Sina, al-Qanun fi't-Tıbb, v.1, p.212

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Abu'l-Qasim al-Zahrawi, at-Tasrif, v.2, p.541

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TDV Islamic Encyclopedia, “Cupping” article

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Altuntaş, Ayten. “Ibn Sina’s Rules of Hygiene”, Anatolian Medicine Journal, 2022, Issue 1 (article)

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Abbas Abu Yahya (trc.), “A Collection of Points Regarding Hijaama (Cupping)”

Suitable Times for Cupping and Leech Applications

The Place of Cupping in the Quran and Sunnah

In the Holy Quran cupping (bloodletting) or Leech therapy There is no specific verse specifying the day or time of the day. However, there are expressions that generally encourage the search for healing. For example, Allah says, "We have sent down in the Quran verses that are healing and mercy for the believers" (Isra 17:82), and the Prophet Muhammad also said, “For every disease that Allah has sent down, He has also sent down a cure.” He emphasized the importance of seeking treatment by saying (Musnad, IV, 278). Therefore, although the Quran does not directly specify the time, it encourages Muslims to seek medical treatment to maintain their health.

In the Sunnah of the Prophet Cupping is considered an important treatment method. It is established in authentic hadiths that the Prophet himself had cupping and recommended it to his ummah.

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For example, in a narration transmitted through Ibn Abbas (ra), the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Cupping strengthens the mind and memory.” He commanded

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Many companions also found relief from ailments such as headaches by having cupping done on the veins of the head or neck.

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Although leeching was a known method of bloodletting at the time, it is not directly mentioned in the hadiths; however, since it falls into the same category, recommendations regarding cupping are considered to be guiding for leech application as well.

Days Recommended and Avoided in Hadiths

Although the benefits of cupping were experienced during the time of the Prophet, Rumors about which days it will be held generally weak hadith It is in the category of

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In some of these narrations, certain days are specified for cupping. recommended, in some days to avoid It is stated that:

Recommended Days: According to widespread narrations, even if weak in terms of chain of narration Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays during the week, the 17th, 19th and 21st days of the Hijri month suitable for cupping

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. In fact, in a hadith: “The best days to receive cupping are the seventeenth, nineteenth and twenty-first of the month.” It has been ordered

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. In another narration, “Whoever receives cupping on the 17th, 19th or 21st day will be cured of every disease.” It has been said

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. One of the companions, Enes b. Malik, The Companions generally prayed on these odd days of the Hijri month (17, 19, 21) reported that they had cupping therapy

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Among the days of the week, Monday, Tuesday and (in some narrations) Thursday are especially recommended.

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According to these narrations, since the day Prophet Job (pbuh) was saved from the calamity was Monday, it is stated that both that day and Tuesday are suitable for cupping.

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Days to Avoid: In weak narrations Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday It is said that cupping is not tolerated on the days of Ramadan.

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. Especially about Wednesday, it is said that the calamity (disease) came to Prophet Job on Wednesday, therefore Wednesday or Wednesday night a person who has cupping therapy "vitiligo or leprosy may occur" Warnings were sent as follows:

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In the same narrations "With the blessing of Allah, get cupping on Thursday, and avoid cupping on Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday." There are expressions such as

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As can be seen, four days of the week are mentioned as negative (Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday), while the remaining three days are mentioned as positive (Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday). These recommendations are based on the belief that it is better to avoid having blood drawn on those days unless there is a medical necessity.

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Although Imam Tirmidhi and some scholars accept some of the hadiths related to the time of cupping as “hasan” (for example, for the hadith related to the 17th, 19th and 21st days of the month)

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), Authorities such as Bukhari and Muslim did not include hadiths with this content in their works. and many of them weak or fabricated accepted

islamqa.info

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. Indeed, Imam Bukhari did not find the narrations about cupping to be done on certain days to be authentic. al-Jami' al-SahihHe didn't put it in

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The Four Sects and the Scholars' Opinions

Hanafi School: Regarding cupping, Hanafi scholars did not attribute binding importance to certain days because there was no authentic prohibitive text. The great Hanafi scholar Bedruddin al-Ayni, states that the advice given in the hadiths is not reliable and “There is no specific time limit for cupping.” He emphasizes that there is freedom in this regard.

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Therefore, Hanafis accept that cupping can be performed on any day of the week when medically necessary. Although some Hanafi circles may tend to avoid cupping on days like Wednesdays based on weak narrations, this is a precautionary stance, not a religious ruling.
Maliki School: Imam Malik b. AnasHe is one of the imams with the most flexible views on the timing of cupping. “Is it makruh to have cupping done on Saturday or Wednesday?” When asked, "There is no harm in this; I have had cupping done every day of the week, and I do not dislike any day in this regard." He replied:

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Malik did not take into account the hadiths he considered fabricated on this subject; on the contrary, it was narrated that he had cupping done specifically on Saturdays and Wednesdays, which are days that are avoided in the narrations.

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. Indeed, Maliki scholars, "Cupping is permissible on every day of the year, but the hadiths that contain warnings about Saturdays and Wednesdays are not authentic according to Malik." They stated that there is no day restriction.

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. As a result, in the Maliki school of thought Cupping and leech application can be done any day of the week., no time determination is required.
Shafi'i School: Shafi'i scholars also hold the view that the hadiths regarding cupping days are not binding. The great Shafi'i scholar Imam Nawawi, “In summary, there is nothing authentic that prohibits cupping on a specific day.” He states that the hadiths on this subject are not reliable.

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Therefore, in the Shafi'i school of thought, cupping does not need to be limited to specific days of the week; it can be performed whenever needed. However, some Shafi'is, such as Nawawi, have weaknesses in their chain of narration. Accepting the 17th, 19th and 21st day hadiths as "hasan" They stated that cupping may be recommended these days.

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. That is, according to the Shafiis The best time for cupping There is no clear religious obligation regarding this matter, but it is considered virtuous to have it done on certain days of the month that are praised in the narrations.
Hanbali School: Imam Ahmed bin HanbalHe was cautious in finding most of the narrations regarding the timing of cupping weak. Ahmed ibn Hanbal's students He avoided cupping on Wednesdays and Saturdays., if possible He prefers Sunday and Tuesday They convey

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It is even stated that Ahmed heeded warnings not to "take the hadith lightly" even if the narration was weak, and that he narrated the anecdote about a person who had cupping therapy on Wednesday and then contracted baras (ala) disease because he ignored the warning.

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. In Hanbali fiqh books For this reason, cupping is done on Saturdays and Wednesdays. makruh There was an opinion that it could be

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However, Ahmed b. Hanbal, Having blood taken depends mainly on the moment of need. emphasizing, "When the blood is flowing, I get cupping done no matter what the time or day is." He said

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According to the report of his student Hanbel, Imam Ahmed said that when the blood was collected, “no matter what time” He did not hesitate to have cupping therapy

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. So In the Hanbali school of thought Even if certain days are preferred for cupping, If there is a medical necessity, it is better to do it without wasting time.

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Ibn Qayyim, one of the Hanbali scholars, also stated that the time recommendations conveyed from the Prophet were based on medical reasons, “cupping can be done at any time when needed” He stated that

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The recommendations for the specified day are not a binding provision, based on possible medical benefits and some, albeit weak, narrations are the precautions that have been laid down.

Approaches of Classical Medicine and Scientific Literature

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The approaches of important medical scholars to the subject are as follows:

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) al-Qanun fi't-Tıb In his work, he wrote about bloodletting (fasd and cupping) the most suitable time is the middle of the Hijri month Indicates that it is. Especially in the days following the full moon period of the moon (After the 14th-15th day) the amount of blood in the body increases, so the period from the 16th to the 21st day of the Hijri calendar It is emphasized that this is the most beneficial period for blood collection.

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According to Ibn Sina, cupping is more effective during this period because blood pressure rises; the middle period should be preferred over the beginning or end of the month. early morning as the time of day recommends: “The best time to take blood is in the middle of the month, in the second and third hours of the day.” He said

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With this statement, he stated that 2-3 hours after sunrise (approximately mid-morning) gave the best results. Ibn Sina said that the body is not too cold or too hot. in moderate weather conditions He also explains the appropriateness of having blood drawn and the benefits of warming the body in a Turkish bath before the procedure. As part of traditional astrological medicine, When the Moon is in certain signs (air signs such as Gemini, Libra, Aquarius) and in aspect with "favorable" planets such as Venus/Jupiter He points out that having blood drawn may be more beneficial.

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In summary, Avicenna, in the spring season, on a mild day in the middle of the Hijri month and early in the morning He argued that the bloodletting procedure would yield the healthiest results.

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Other Islamic Physicians and Tradition: Other physicians in the Middle Ages developed similar recommendations. For example, many in the classical medical book for cupping **if not urgent spring or autumn seasons It is recommended that blood should be taken in the sweltering heat of summer or the severe cold of winter.

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. Depending on the area of the body where blood will be taken and the type of disease Even the hours of the day are detailedFor example, schemes have been created that recommend certain times of day for heart disease and different times for liver disease. Abu Bakr al-Razi, Ali b. Abbas al-Majusi, Ibn Masawayh physicians such as “fasd (bloodletting) treatises” They wrote down the blood samples and described which vein to take blood from and when.

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. This literature generally “favourable season: spring, favourable lunar period: mid-month, favourable time of day: morning, favourable astrological conditions: when the Moon's position is favourable” A framework like this emerges. For example, classical sources "A morning in the spring when the Moon is not in Leo and the body is not too full or tired" They say that the benefits of bloodletting will be maximized. The basis for this is the belief that bodily fluids increase during full moons and that the Moon's gravitational pull is felt not only in the seas but also in the human body. Indeed, some modern research has also shown that There are changes in the hormone and fluid balance in the human body during full moon days, and birth and menstrual bleeding increase during this period. has shown

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These findings suggest that traditional medicine's observations of lunar phases are not entirely unfounded.
Alternative Views: On the other hand, some doctors have stated that there is no specific time rule for cupping. Famous Andalusian surgeon Abu'l-Qasim al-Zahrawi, "There is no need to set a time for blood collection; it can be done at any time required by the disease." He stated that one should not wait for a season or day when needed.

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. Similarly, as experience increases, physicians "The cure for every disease is not to take blood." concluded, but it can be applied without considering the time when necessary. They expressed

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This perspective puts medical necessity before the rule of time. In fact, Ibn Sina also "If it is necessary to strengthen the body, delaying bloodletting even for an hour is a great risk." He advises to take blood without delay if necessary.

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Medical Approaches of Sectarian Scholars: Islamic scholars of jurisprudence were also no strangers to medical advice. For example, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, The recommendations regarding cupping times (though weak) from our Prophet are consistent with the findings of the medical authorities of the time. indicates

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

Ibn Qayyim, Doctors unanimously say that cupping is most beneficial in the second half of the month, especially in the third quarter (the week after mid-month). It is more effective to do it during this period than at the beginning or end of the month. He tries to reconcile the humoral theory with the hadith narrations.

islamqa.info

Even the doctors of his time, "A person's blood pressure increases in the middle of the month due to the movement of the moon, therefore the middle of the month and the week following it are the most suitable times for cupping, and it is more beneficial to perform it during this time period except in emergencies." He says he is of the opinion

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

As can be seen, scholars like Ibn Qayyim combined medical data and narrations. "Cupping is sunnah when it is appropriate" has concluded.
Leech (Hirudo Therapy) Timing: Leech application has been used for centuries as an alternative to cupping. minor cupping (capillary blood removal) Over time, the method was replaced by leeching.

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

There is no specific day or hour restriction for leech application in traditional medicine, with cupping therapy. same principles It is considered valid. That is, if bloodletting with leeches is also possible, in the spring season, in the appropriate phase of the moon and in the morning hours It has been attempted, but in emergencies it has been applied without regard to time. Because leeching generally draws blood more slowly and in a more controlled manner than cupping, in people with weak constitutions such as the elderly or children In such cases, the physician would determine the area and duration of leech application and take similar time recommendations into account. Therefore, There is no specific day ban or recommendation for leech therapy in the literature.The timing recommendations mentioned for cupping therapy can be considered equally valid for leech application.

Conclusion and Evaluation

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

islamqa.info

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

Medical and traditional care taking into account the rhythms of the human body The best time is mid-month and in the morning The thesis that it is has been adopted

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

In this context, spring and autumn seasons preferred, in the midday heat of summer and the freezing cold of winter It is recommended to avoid having blood taken

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

Although modern science has produced findings that partially confirm the effects of the Moon's gravitational force and biological rhythms on humans,

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

In conclusion, to receive cupping and leeching:

Medically recommended ideal time – If there is no emergency days falling in the middle of the Hijri month (approximately days 15–21) and early morning It is deemed appropriate

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

Spring may be preferred depending on the patient's condition. Procedure on an empty stomach should be done, and times when you are very full or very tired should be avoided.

abdurrahman.org

abdurrahman.org

.
Religiously recommended time – It is encouraged to have cupping therapy on Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays, especially 17, 19, 21 of the monthMondays/Tuesdays falling on the 'th days are considered virtuous.

islamansiklopedisi.org.tr

These days "With God's permission, there is a cure for every disease" It has been reported that

abdurrahman.org

.
Recommended times to avoid – Although there is no absolute ban, Wednesday It has been pointed out that cupping therapy on this day may be risky.

abdurrahman.org

. It is also advised in some narrations not to receive cupping on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays.

abdurrahman.org

Care should be taken not to perform cupping therapy at noon when the sun is directly overhead and on a very full stomach.

abdurrahman.org

.

dergipark.org.tr

abdurrahman.org

. Thus, both the recommendations of the Sunnah complied with, and also principles of medical wisdom will be implemented.

Cupping Practices According to Ibn Sina and Ottoman Period Medical Scholars

1. Areas Where Cupping Is Considered Beneficial

In classical Islamic medical sources, certain parts of the body cupping (bloodletting) It has been stated that it is more beneficial and effective for back and nape area stands out. In the Prophetic Medicine tradition, the area between the two shoulder blades "kahil" point on the sides of the neck “ahdayn” points The most important cupping areas are described asdrbatubayar.comThese areas are approximately at the level of the base of the neck (around C7-T1) and the mastoid process behind the ear and were preferred to regulate blood circulation and remove "dirty blood" from the body.

Cupping is also a tradition in the head area. It is said that the Prophet Muhammad had cupping done in the middle of his head (the fontanelle area) and “savior cupping” It is reported that he saidscribd.comscribd.comIt is also mentioned in the hadiths that head cupping is a cure for seven types of illnesses, such as persistent headaches. However, nape of the neck Cupping (in the nape of the head, the nukra region) was a practice that should be approached with caution in adults. Ibn Sina warned that frequent cupping in the nape of the neck could lead to forgetfulness.isamveri.orgHowever, the same Ibn Sina, the cupping applied to this area only in certain cases It is beneficial: Especially for melancholy (“malîhulya”He states that nukra cupping may be beneficial for patients with infatuation (a condition similar to schizophrenia, in the old term).scribd.comThat is, head/nape cupping, which was normally avoided, could be recommended as an exceptional treatment for a specific condition that had been correctly diagnosed.

The back and waist area are the areas where cupping is most commonly applied. Upper back area (especially under the neck and between the shoulders) has been used as a cupping point for general body health. The Prophet also had cupping done on the back of his shoulders and the waist area, and the cupping in the waist area “release cupping” It is reported that he saidscribd.comCupping in this area was thought to relieve the burden on the body and relieve back pain. Ottoman physicians also frequently practiced back cupping; Serefeddin SabuncuogluIn his surgical work called Cerrahiyyetü'l-Hâniyye, written in the 15th century, “mihceme” He described cupping therapy under the name and recommended it as a simple technique to remove accumulations in the chest cage.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.govFor example, Sabuncuoğlu attempted to relieve patients with pleural effusions by evacuating accumulated air and fluid using vacuum cupping. This example demonstrates that cupping was considered beneficial in Ottoman medicine not only for general health but also for specific medical conditions.

In the lower extremities, especially cupping of legs and calvesIt has been recommended in some special cases. For example, classical sources note that cupping therapy on the back of the legs (the calves) is beneficial for skin conditions such as severe itching and scabies.scribd.comThis practice was probably done to alleviate skin disorders by removing impure blood from peripheral areas.

2. Points Where Cupping Should Not Be Applied (Prohibitory)

Physicians have stated that applying cupping therapy randomly to every part of the body can be dangerous. In classical works, Areas where cupping is undesirable clearly defined. Areas where the muscle tissue was very thin, where large veins ran through the surface, or where there was not enough flat space to place a cup were particularly avoided. Traditional Persian medical sources, areas with excess hair, areas with thin muscle tissue ve narrow spaces that do not offer a flat surface for the cup to be vacuumed cupping on strictly prohibitedresearchgate.netIn this context, cupping was not deemed appropriate for bony and weak muscle tissue areas such as the forehead and temples, or for protruding points such as the kneecaps.

Similarly, skin wounds, boils, eczema places where or varicose veins, aneurysm It is also considered dangerous to apply cupping to areas with abnormal vascularity, such as theresearchgate.netresearchgate.netCupping on these points could lead to uncontrolled bleeding or infection. Cupping was generally applied to safe, fleshy areas such as the back, nape, and legs; front of the neck, middle of the chest, abdomen Parts close to vital organs or where blood vessels are dense have been avoided.

Mentioned in the previous section nape cupping (nukra), although it is considered beneficial for children, it is also beneficial for adults. unless necessary It was advised not to apply it. That is why Ibn Sina's warning, "If cupping is applied to the nape of the neck frequently and without necessity, it will cause forgetfulness" was taken seriously.isamveri.orgIt was thought that cupping applied to the nape of the neck could impair memory by affecting blood flow to the brain. Therefore, nape cupping was not routinely applied to healthy adults; it was only applied to that area if there was a specific indication, such as mental illness.scribd.com.

In summary, the points chosen for cupping in classical medicine are not random, but are determined based on anatomy and traditional experience. Unsuitable areas clearly defined and physicians “First, do no harm” They avoided these regions on principle.

3. Age Limit for Cupping Application

Ancient physicians set some limits on the age groups up to which cupping therapy could be performed. As a general rule, very young children elderly people It is not considered suitable for cupping. In traditional Persian and Ottoman medicine, children are younger than 2 It is not recommended for them to have cupping therapy if they are Over 60 years oldCupping was not generally applied to elderly people.researchgate.netresearchgate.netIt's thought that the body's immune system is weaker in these extreme age groups, and the stress caused by blood donations could cause more harm than good. Indeed, sources agree that "it's not appropriate for anyone under 2 or over 60 to have blood donations."researchgate.net.

Alternative methods were preferred over cupping until children reached a certain age, and were applied carefully and to a limited extent only when absolutely necessary. In some Islamic narrations, After 4 months of age Although it is stated that cupping can be done from the nape of the neck afterscribd.comscribd.comThis is not a common practice in medical texts. In fact, Physician Bereket (Celaleddin Hızır) Early Ottoman physicians, such as Dr. Imam Ali, emphasized preventive measures in their works, emphasizing the fragile constitution of children. In adulthood, cupping is considered safer from approximately adolescence to middle age. Beyond middle age, especially if a person begins to weaken, physicians recommend reducing the frequency of cupping or stopping it altogether.

As the elasticity of the veins and the quality of the blood change with age, cupping therapy for the elderly However, it was a method used only in cases of illness and under the supervision of a physician. For example, cupping is not routinely performed on a 70-year-old; however, if there is a serious condition requiring blood pressure reduction, such as high blood pressure, limited cupping may be applied under the supervision of a physician. Consequently, in classical medicine, the ideal age range for cupping is roughly the same as that for childhood and old age. from adolescence to 50s It can be said that it is a period.

4. People Who Should Not Get Cupping Treatment

The individuals who are not fit to receive cupping therapy are also detailed in classical sources. This is determined by taking into account the body's general condition, temperament, and existing illnesses. Cupping is prohibited for some people and situations.Below are the main situations in which cupping is not recommended:

Pregnant women: Especially in pregnant women in the later months of pregnancy Cupping is harmful. Traditional physicians strictly forbid bloodletting after the fifth month of pregnancy.researchgate.netThis practice is avoided during pregnancy, as the stress and blood loss that may occur during cupping can lead to miscarriage or premature birth. Similarly, postpartum Women should not have cupping therapy until they have recovered immediately after giving birth.
Women in their menstrual cycle: Of women during menstruation Because the body is already experiencing natural blood loss, cupping is not considered appropriate during these days. A common rule is that cupping should not be performed during menstruation or postpartum periods. Cupping should be performed during this period, as it will significantly weaken the body and increase the risk of complications.researchgate.net.
Severe Anemia or Weakness: Anemia Cupping is not recommended for patients with low blood pressure, very low blood pressure, or a weakened general condition. Avicenna and other physicians emphasized the danger of donating blood to those who lack sufficient blood and vitality. For example, a patient with a high fever and exhaustion, or someone who has been starving for a long time and whose nutrition is poor, should first be strengthened and not immediately treated with cupping. Even in case of need, the patient is expected to recover first.People who are too thin (frail) or too obese are not good candidates for cupping therapy; blood collection is risky in very thin individuals due to decreased vital fluids, and in very obese individuals, blood quality is poor and the procedure can be technically difficult.researchgate.netresearchgate.net.
Those with Thick Phlegm or Melancholy Predominance: In traditional medicine, if a person sputum or love If the humors are excessively dominant, treatments that balance them are applied first; cupping is not performed immediately. For example, if the patient has a cold and clammy temperament and phlegm buildup, taking blood directly can be more harmful than beneficial. Sources state, "If other humors predominate, they are first treated with medication; if there is excess blood, then fasd (bloodletting) is performed."researchgate.netEspecially in cases of fever caused by phlegm or passion, instead of drawing blood, it is necessary to first remove this bad humor by methods such as sweating or vomiting.researchgate.netOtherwise, cupping may further disrupt the balance in such patients and cause undesirable effects.
Those with Acute and Severe Illness: Acute intra-abdominal disorders (e.g. intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis) emergency abdominal surgery Cupping is definitely not suitable for people who are suspected of having a medical condition.researchgate.netFirst, the underlying disease must be resolved with medical intervention. Furthermore, cupping can be dangerous in cases of high fever or septic infection, as it weakens the patient. Uncontrolled blood flow in the body seizures (spasms) Cupping is not performed on patients who are suffering from epilepsy (e.g. during an epileptic seizure)researchgate.netIn such cases, it is essential to first take the seizure under control.
After You Have Just Eaten or Had Sexual Intercourse: An important rule, although temporary, not to have cupping done immediately on a full stomachIt is specifically emphasized in the hadith that "It is better to receive cupping therapy on an empty stomach."isamveri.orgConventional doctors also advise against cupping anyone who has eaten a heavy meal for at least 3-4 hours.researchgate.netSimilarly, immediately after sexual intercourse, there will be a relaxation in the body and a decrease in energy. at least 12 hours later cupping should not be performedresearchgate.netIt was considered risky to apply cupping immediately after a Turkish bath or hot bath because of the body temperature and the dilation of the veins (this issue is discussed separately below).

Except for the above cases, people with very dry skin and those prone to constipation Some doctors did not find cupping appropriate forresearchgate.netThis is because these individuals already have dehydration and dryness in their bodies, and this balance will be further disrupted when blood is drawn. Consequently, cupping is not a method suitable for everyone in every situation; doctors evaluate the patient's overall condition and only resort to this treatment in suitable candidates.

Doctor Bereket Ottoman physicians, such as Tuhfe-i Mübârizî, detailed the harmful effects of cupping on those who were affected.academia.eduThese texts, similar to the points mentioned above, emphasize that cupping is prohibited for the very young or old, pregnant, sick, or infirm. Physicians would examine the patient before cupping and determine the suitability of the procedure based on their temperament, age, and illness. This was an attempt to prevent incorrect application, and cupping was viewed as a healing method only when performed by qualified individuals and by the right person.

5. Points to Consider When Performing Cupping (Time, Season, Method)

In order for cupping therapy to be successful and beneficial, right timing and appropriate method It is of great importance. Classical medical texts have detailed the seasons, days of the month, and times of day when cupping is best performed. There are also certain traditional rules to be followed during and after the procedure. In this regard, Ibn Sina Al-Qanun fi't-TıbbWe can summarize the common principles in the works of Ottoman physicians, especially:

Season: Doctors say the most suitable season for cupping is spring They agree that it is. Blood and humors accumulate in the body of people who remain inactive and eat heavily throughout the winter; as nature revives in the spring, it becomes easier to eliminate this excess. Indeed, a Persian medical source recommends that healthy individuals who live a sedentary lifestyle and consume a high-calorie diet receive cupping therapy during the spring to remove excess blood.researchgate.netAutumn is also seen as a second opportunity; cupping therapy was traditionally recommended around September, as the body recovers from the summer heat and prepares for winter. Because the body's balance is fragile during the extremely hot summer days and the freezing cold of winter, cupping was rarely performed under these extreme conditions.
Phases of the Moon: In Islamic medicine lunar calendar The timing of cupping therapy has also been taken into account. The general rule is, first days of the month It's not considered a good time for cupping. The ideal time is after the moon enters its waxing phase. According to hadith, the Prophet recommended cupping on the 17th, 19th, or 21st of the lunar month in the Hijri calendar.risale.onlineThese days coincide with the period immediately following the middle of the month. Traditional physicians also deemed the period "after the middle of the month" appropriate, stating that cupping performed at the beginning of the month could be harmful. For example, Iranian medical sources state: after mid-month, on the 16th or 17th He states that it is best to do cupping because during this period, “bad humors get closer to the skin and good blood stays inside.”researchgate.netAccording to this belief, the body is most ready for cupping around the full moon.
Day of the Week: For cupping Monday, Tuesday or Thursday The days of the week have traditionally been preferred. It is reported that the Prophet Muhammad said, "Get cupped on Thursday, and get cupped on Monday and Tuesday; avoid cupping on Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday."isamveri.org. Because Wednesday The day was considered particularly unlucky and it was stated that having blood drawn on that day could cause diseases such as leprosy.isamveri.orgFriday, on the other hand, was not considered suitable because it was a busy day for worship and coincided with the end of the week. Consequently, Monday ve Tuesday It is considered auspicious because it is the day when “Allah saved Job from trouble”, Wednesday Cupping is prohibited as the "day of the affliction." Thursday is considered permissible, as are Monday and Tuesday. Ottoman physicians also acted in accordance with this religious tradition in practice, taking care to perform cupping on auspicious days of the week.
Time of Day: In a day The best time for cupping is neither too early nor too late. Classical sources recommend the second and third hours of the day—morning and afternoon.researchgate.net. Especially mid-morning (late morning) It's said to be ideal for cupping because the body is refreshed at this time, digestion is complete, and the evening chill hasn't set in. It can also be done in the afternoon, but it's best to avoid the late afternoon. At night Cupping is generally not recommended, as the air becomes cooler and the body rhythm slows down. Very early morning It is not considered appropriate because it is not yet warm in the body. Some physicians even say that taking blood before sunrise can have a harmful effect on the spleen. For this reason, cupping is usually performed when the sun is high. Between 10:00 and 15:00 has been carried out.
On an empty or full stomach: Cupping not to be done on a full stomach Both medical and hadith sources agree on the necessity of cupping. The hadith is "Cupping on an empty stomach brings healing and blessings."isamveri.org, has also found a place in medical books. Before the procedure, at least Not eating anything for 3-4 hours recommendedresearchgate.netThis allows the body to focus its energy on cupping, not digestion, and blood flow becomes regular. Cupping on a full stomach can increase the risk of fainting and even lead to digestive upset. Eating immediately after the treatment is not recommended; a light diet should be maintained for at least a few hours.researchgate.net.
Preparation Before Cupping: It is important for the person undergoing the procedure to feel comfortable and stress-free. Physicians, The patient should rest for a while before cupping.If he is very tired or sleepy, they would recommend that he rest first.researchgate.netIt was also advised not to do heavy exercise on the day of cupping and not to overheat the body. Cupping is not applied immediately after bath/hamam. – Sudden bleeding was considered dangerous, especially after a hot bath, as the pores would open and the blood vessels would dilate. Sources note that "cupping after bathing is prohibited (except for those with very thick skin)."researchgate.netTherefore, cupping would begin at least a few hours after the bath, once the body had returned to its normal temperature. It was also emphasized that the cupper performing the cupping should be competent, that the incisions should be made at the correct depth and with hygienic instruments. Indeed, in the narration of Abdullah ibn Omar, when choosing a cupper, he advised, "Find a cupper who is neither too old nor too young, but one who is well-versed in this field."isamveri.org.
Application Method: Cupping is generally performed by making small incisions and then vacuuming the cup. Horn, glass, or bamboo cups were used in the past; in modern times, special vacuum cups have been developed for this purpose. Keeping the cup on the skin for 5-10 minutes is deemed sufficientresearchgate.netConventional physicians advise against leaving the cup on the skin for too long, stating that doing so will cause excessive blood accumulation and bruising. There are even warnings that the cup should not be left on for more than 10 minutes.researchgate.netThe edge of the cup should not be heated too much and become scalding.researchgate.netDuring the blood collection process, the vacuum strength is adjusted according to the patient's endurance; light suction is recommended for those receiving cupping therapy for the first time, and medium suction is recommended for those with experience. The goal is not to extract excessive amounts of blood, to draw off and stop sufficient “excess” blood and to remove the blockage in the relevant area. Ibn Sina, in his work dry mug (bloodless cupping) application on the body heat created, Age Cup (cupping) application draws the heat from the body cold He stated that he gavedrbatubayar.comdrbatubayar.comThis shows the effect of cupping on the temperament and therefore it should not be applied excessively and should be done in a balanced manner.
Post-Cupping Care: After the procedure was completed, the area where cupping was applied was cleaned and antiseptic ointments or herbal preparations were usually applied (e.g. traditional medicines such as honey, rose water, etc.). The patient does not eat immediatelyIt is recommended to eat light foods for at least 2-3 hours.researchgate.net. Also, one should be careful not to catch a cold after cupping, should not be directly exposed to wind and coldIt has been said that if a sweating patient enters a draft, he or she may become ill because the pores are open. Again, not to scratch cupping wounds It is very importantresearchgate.netSources warn, "Do not scratch the cupping area; otherwise, it will become infected." The cupping point may appear greenish-purple for a while; this is considered normal and will disappear within a few days.scribd.comDuring this time, it's essential to avoid contact with water and keep the area clean and dry to prevent infection. Finally, after cupping, the patient should rest if possible and avoid strenuous activity. Because the body may experience mild weakness, drinking plenty of water and maintaining strength through appropriate nutrition are also recommended.

The above rules make cupping a form of medicine in Islamic medicine. in ritual discipline The purpose is to show that the right person, the right time and the right method The aim is to achieve the highest cure and avoid complications by adhering to the principle of "Health and Well-being." All physicians, from Ibn Sina to Sabuncuoğlu, have touched upon these points in their works. Doctor Bereket He explained the timing and application of cupping in detail in his book written in Turkish.academia.eduacademia.eduIn conclusion, cupping was not just a medical procedure, but also an art requiring experience and attention. When performed in the right season, on the right day, and by competent hands,There is healing and blessing in it."isamveri.org Cupping, which is praised as "Cupping", has been an important method of maintaining health in the Islamic world for hundreds of years.

Kaynaklar: Medical books of the classical period (Ibn Sina al-Qanun fi't-Tıbb, Doctor Bereket Tuhfe-i Mubarizi, Sabuncuoglu Surgery of the Haniyya, etc.), has been compiled by scanning modern research works and hadith sources. Some of the information conveyed in this text has been directly quoted from classical texts and is indicated with reference numbers. In particular, the work of Osman b. Musa al-Eshkishahri in the Journal of Social Sciences Cupping Treatise study onisamveri.orgisamveri.org, an article on traditional Persian Medicineresearchgate.netresearchgate.net and examples of Dr. Sabuncuoğlu's surgery bookpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Dr. Batu Bayar's compilation about cupping therapydrbatubayar.com The history of cupping and its place in practice are detailed using sources such as. This comprehensive knowledge also sheds light on the fundamentals of cupping in today's alternative medicine practices.

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CUPPING – Hijama – Wet Cupping

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What is Cupping, Hijama, Wet Cupping?

The word "cupping", which is of Arabic origin, comes from the word "attack" and is used to mean the rush of blood to a place, that is, its collection.

Today, western medicine / pharmaceutical medicine / modern medicine / chemical medicine defines almost every application other than drugs and surgeries as alternative and supportive, and throughout history cupping has been used as one of the main treatment methods with serious benefits.

Heal both your psychology and body with cupping therapy, the most ancient healing method!

What is the logic behind cupping?

In our daily lives, we take in many substances that are harmful to us and need to be eliminated from our bodies through what we eat, drink and the air we breathe.

At the same time, the foods we take into our bodies in a healthy way react with each other during the digestive process to form different chemical compounds.

While some of these compounds and heavy metals are excreted through our excretory system, some of them remain in the areas where they reach the cells through the capillaries.

In this way, harmful heavy metals are now out of our body's circulatory system and under our skin and in our flesh. and toxins accumulate.

With the application of cupping;

-Active blood circulation in areas where activation is reduced due to blockages with cupping therapy again It is activated, oxygen and energy are brought to the cells, ensuring the healthy functioning of that area and the organs around that area.

Ideal Days for Cupping – 2025 Cupping Days Calendar

When is cupping performed? When is it not performed?

The damage caused by heavy metals accumulated under the skin and stagnant blood;

– There is no health where there is no flow (just like a stagnant lake that collects dirt and smells while the flowing seas and rivers are clean)

These heavy metals and unflowing blood accumulate in the subcutaneous tissues and capillary ends, causing physical and psychological diseases and rapid aging.

These accumulated heavy metals can weaken the energy of our energy body / aura by creating a magnetic field and become entrance gates for negative energies coming from outside.

– Due to the accumulated passive blood mass, there will be low energy and inefficiency as there will not be enough blood flow and oxygen to the area where there is no movement.

Things to Do Before Cupping to Increase Its Efficiency

-When you decide to receive cupping, the intention is made verbally and the subconscious is informed, and the subconscious body begins to prepare for cupping.

I intend to seek healing by cupping here today or a similar intention can be made.

-Nothing of animal origin should be eaten for 3 days before the cupping treatment. A vegan diet is followed (meat, milk, eggs, honey, cheese, yoghurt, fish, etc.)

Those who cannot comply with this for the last 3 days should at least follow a vegetarian diet (not eat meat).

But especially before cupping, a vegan diet is required for the last 24 hours.

-You should fast for at least 8 hours before cupping.

(At worst, you should not eat anything for the last 4 hours. You can drink water.)

-Do not drink water in the last 2 hours.

To increase blood flow

-If possible, before cupping

*The body should be kept warm

*You should be relaxed (breathing exercises can be done beforehand)

* A hot shower should be taken

-Must be clean

- Loose clothes should be worn

-You shouldn't be tired

- Alcohol should not be consumed for the last 3 days before cupping, or at worst, for the last 24 hours.

-You should not smoke for the last 24 hours before cupping, or at worst, for the last 4 hours.

-Nothing chemical should be applied to the body.

- Must be in a state of ablution

-No blood thinners should be used for the last 3 days before cupping, or at worst, for the last 24 hours.

Aspirin, blood thinners (if you have a serious health problem and need to use blood thinners, consult your doctor),

Foods that thin the blood include foods rich in vitamin C, lemon, garlic, ginger, turmeric, cloves, chamomile tea, hot peppers, cranberries, grapes, cherries, and cherries.

-Do not engage in sexual intercourse or masturbate in the last 24 hours before cupping.

-Before cupping, go to bed early and wake up early.

-It is recommended that the person take a warm shower in the morning before cupping therapy, warm up his body by dressing warmly, and relax and loosen his muscles.

-Sugary foods should be avoided for the last 24 hours

Vegetables should be preferred

What to Do After Cupping to Increase Its Efficiency

-20-30 minutes of low-medium paced walking will have a positive effect on the body to recover.

-You should not sleep for 4 hours after cupping.

-After at least 2 hours, you can drink 1 glass of honey sherbet or carob extract sherbet or compote that is not bought from the market or packaged but prepared at home.

-Do not engage in sexual intercourse or masturbate in the last 24 hours after cupping.

-It is best to follow a vegan diet for 3 days after cupping, if this is not possible, at least 1 day of vegan diet is necessary.

Those who cannot be vegan should at least follow a vegetarian diet.

-After cupping, the area treated should not be touched with water for 12 hours. If there is blood, it can be cleaned with a lint-free, slightly damp cloth.

-After 12 hours, it is better to take a shower with warm water.

-No heavy work is done, the body is not physically strained.

-After showering, you can continue applying St. John's wort oil to help the scratches heal faster. Chemical creams, etc., should not be applied.

How to Perform Professional Cupping Therapy

-When it comes to cupping, firstly the areas where cupping will be applied are determined according to the person's needs.

-Depending on the person's preference: relaxing music, something funny, or something else that gives peace is played.

-Breathing exercises are started by showing relaxing breathing that relaxes the muscles.

-Bay leaves or similar incense are burned to cleanse the environment of negative ions and energies.

-The areas where cupping will be applied and its surroundings are cleaned with "non-alcoholic" disinfectants.

✅Wherever you are in the world, with video calling,
🌐 ONLINE You can receive cupping training.

✅By coming to our centers,
📌 You can get FACE TO FACE cupping training.

✨To ask your questions, get information or register for cupping training,
You can contact our customer service 24/7.🤝;